ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer is known to have a good response to radiotherapy. The response and prognosis are dependent on the level of apoptosis. Pap smear and histopathology are cost-effective methods in diagnosing premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix but not accurate in classifying and estimating the progression of the disease, especially in premalignant lesions. Therefore this study was undertaken to know the role of Ki-67 expression and apoptotic index in classifying accurately the premalignant lesions for better management.Methods: The study included 540 cases diagnosed histologically as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma. The apoptotic index is calculated for all the 540 cases using light microscopy on Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining was done for 100 cervical biopsies. Ki-67 expression was graded and the Ki-67 labelling index was calculated. Statistical evaluation was done using the unpaired t-test.Results: The Apoptotic index increased with increasing grade of dysplasia. There is a significant difference in the mean apoptotic index between premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. The ki-67 index increased with increasing grade of dysplasia. There is a significant difference in the mean Ki-67 index between premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.Conclusions: Apoptotic index and proliferative indices have been found useful in distinguishing between premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix and gives an idea about the proliferative activity of the tumour for better management of the patient and to determine prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Background: CNS neoplasms are a heterogenous group contributing to <2% of all the malignant neoplasms. Imaging and histopathology play a great role in diagnosing these lesions. Aim of the study is to correlate radiological findings with that of histopathology and evaluate the role of Ki 67 proliferative index in various grades of Astrocytomas and MeningiomasMethods: This is an observational study for a period 2 years from July 2015 to June 2017 in Department of Pathology Andhra Medical College. The total number of specimens of CNS tumors received during this period were126. The specimens were routinely processed and stained with H&E. The tumors were classified based on WHO 2016 classification. In total 71 cases-45 cases of meningiomas and 26 cases of astrocytomas, the expression of Ki 67 labelling index was recorded in various grades of these tumors and results tabulated.Results: Among 126 cases, tumors predominantly encountered were of meningeal origin accounting to 45 cases (35.71%) followed by tumors of neuroepithelial origin 35 cases (27.78%). Tumors were seen in all age groups, but common was among 41-50 years of age group with metastatic tumors being seen in >60 year group. Tumors were more common in males with male: female ratio being 1.25:1. Ki 67 proliferative index increased as the grade of tumor increased in both astrocytomas and meningiomas.Conclusions: Grading of meningiomas and astrocytomas are very much essential with reference to prognosis and therapy. Histopathology plays a great role in grading these lesions but Ki 67 proliferative index adds as an adjunct and helps in confirmation and predicting the recurrence of these lesions.